sharA simple blog made with Zola and DuckquillZola2026-09-10T00:00:00+00:00https://sharjeel7911.github.io/atom.xmlalbum log2026-09-10T00:00:00+00:002026-09-10T00:00:00+00:00
sharjeel
https://sharjeel7911.github.io/albums/<hr />
<blockquote>
<p><em>“music was my refuge i could crawl into the space between the notes and curl my back to loneliness”</em></p>
</blockquote>
<p>This list is intentionally simple.</p>
<p>No stars. No rankings.</p>
<hr />
<h2 id="2026">2026</h2>
<p><strong>32 albums</strong></p>
<table><thead><tr><th>#</th><th>Album</th><th>Artist</th><th>Release Date</th><th>Listening Date</th></tr></thead><tbody>
<tr><td>01</td><td>Splendor & Misery</td><td>clipping.</td><td>2016</td><td>January 4</td></tr>
<tr><td>02</td><td>Mos Def & Talib Kweli Are Black Star</td><td>Black Star</td><td>1998</td><td>January 4</td></tr>
<tr><td>03</td><td>Faces</td><td>Mac Miller</td><td>2021</td><td>January 4</td></tr>
<tr><td>04</td><td>History Will Absolve Me</td><td>billy woods</td><td>2012</td><td>January 4</td></tr>
<tr><td>05</td><td>Capital Punishment</td><td>Big Pun</td><td>1998</td><td>January 10</td></tr>
<tr><td>07</td><td>It Was Written</td><td>Nas</td><td>1996</td><td>January 10</td></tr>
<tr><td>08</td><td>Don’t Be Dumb</td><td>A$AP Rocky</td><td>2026</td><td>January 17</td></tr>
<tr><td>09</td><td>Rebel</td><td>EsDeeKid</td><td>2025</td><td>January 26</td></tr>
<tr><td>10</td><td>There Existed an Addiction to Blood</td><td>clipping.</td><td>2019</td><td>January 26</td></tr>
<tr><td>11</td><td>The Melodic Blue</td><td>Baby Keem</td><td>2021</td><td>March 7</td></tr>
<tr><td>12</td><td>Ca$ino</td><td>Baby Keem</td><td>2026</td><td>March 7</td></tr>
<tr><td>13</td><td>The Fall-Off</td><td>J. Cole</td><td>2026</td><td>March 20</td></tr>
<tr><td>14</td><td>Dead Channel Sky</td><td>clipping., Daveed Diggs, Jonathan Snipes, William Hutson</td><td>2025</td><td>April 1</td></tr>
<tr><td>15</td><td>Magic, Alive!</td><td>McKinley Dixon</td><td>2025</td><td>April 5</td></tr>
<tr><td>16</td><td>Doris</td><td>Earl Sweatshirt, Sk La Flare</td><td>2013</td><td>April 6</td></tr>
<tr><td>17</td><td>EXPERIMENTAL RAP</td><td>JPEGMAFIA</td><td>2026</td><td>June 3</td></tr>
<tr><td>18</td><td>Cry Baby</td><td>Vince Staples</td><td>2026</td><td>June 5</td></tr>
<tr><td>19</td><td>Rumours</td><td>Fleetwood Mac</td><td>1977</td><td>June 9</td></tr>
<tr><td>20</td><td>Aethiopes</td><td>billy woods</td><td>2022</td><td>June 11</td></tr>
<tr><td>21</td><td>SATURATION</td><td>BROCKHAMPTON</td><td>2017</td><td>June 27</td></tr>
<tr><td>22</td><td>SATURATION II</td><td>BROCKHAMPTON</td><td>2017</td><td>June 27</td></tr>
<tr><td>23</td><td>SATURATION III</td><td>BROCKHAMPTON</td><td>2017</td><td>June 27</td></tr>
<tr><td>24</td><td>Sir Render</td><td>Navy Blue</td><td>2026</td><td>July 2</td></tr>
<tr><td>25</td><td>The Sword & The Soaring</td><td>Navy Blue</td><td>2025</td><td>July 2</td></tr>
<tr><td>26</td><td>Memoirs In Armour</td><td>Navy Blue</td><td>2024</td><td>July 2</td></tr>
<tr><td>27</td><td>Ways of Knowing</td><td>Navy Blue</td><td>2023</td><td>July 4</td></tr>
<tr><td>28</td><td>Navy’s Reprise</td><td>Navy Blue</td><td>2021</td><td>July 4</td></tr>
<tr><td>29</td><td>Song of Sage: Post Panic! 🔁</td><td>Navy Blue</td><td>2020</td><td>July 5</td></tr>
<tr><td>30</td><td>Àdá Irin</td><td>Navy Blue</td><td>2020</td><td>July 5</td></tr>
<tr><td>31</td><td>Church</td><td>billy woods</td><td>2022</td><td>July 6</td></tr>
<tr><td>32</td><td>Brass</td><td>billy woods, Moor Mother</td><td>2020</td><td>July 26</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<hr />
<h2 id="2025">2025</h2>
<p><strong>302 albums</strong></p>
<table><thead><tr><th>#</th><th>Album</th><th>Artist</th><th>Release Date</th><th>Listening Date</th></tr></thead><tbody>
<tr><td>01</td><td>Illmatic</td><td>Nas</td><td>1994</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>02</td><td>Madvillainy</td><td>Madvillain, Madlib, MF DOOM</td><td>2004</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>03</td><td>Eazy-Duz-It</td><td>Eazy-E, The D.O.C., Ice Cube</td><td>1988</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>04</td><td>The Miseducation of Lauryn Hill</td><td>Ms. Lauryn Hill</td><td>1998</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>05</td><td>Horses</td><td>Patti Smith</td><td>1975</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>06</td><td>Dark Times</td><td>Vince Staples</td><td>2024</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>07</td><td>The Queen Is Dead</td><td>The Smiths</td><td>1986</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>08</td><td>LONG.LIVE.A$AP (Deluxe Version)</td><td>A$AP Rocky</td><td>2013</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>09</td><td>The College Dropout</td><td>Kanye West</td><td>2004</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>10</td><td>Late Registration</td><td>Kanye West</td><td>2005</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>11</td><td>Graduation</td><td>Kanye West</td><td>2007</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>12</td><td>808s & Heartbreak</td><td>Kanye West</td><td>2008</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>13</td><td>My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy</td><td>Kanye West</td><td>2010</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>14</td><td>The Life Of Pablo</td><td>Kanye West</td><td>2016</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>15</td><td>KIDS SEE GHOSTS</td><td>KIDS SEE GHOSTS, Pusha T</td><td>2018</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>16</td><td>Section.80</td><td>Kendrick Lamar</td><td>2011</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>17</td><td>good kid, m.A.A.d city</td><td>Kendrick Lamar</td><td>2012</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>18</td><td>To Pimp A Butterfly</td><td>Kendrick Lamar, George Clinton, Thundercat</td><td>2015</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>19</td><td>DAMN.</td><td>Kendrick Lamar</td><td>2017</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>20</td><td>Mr. Morale & The Big Steppers</td><td>Kendrick Lamar</td><td>2022</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>21</td><td>DAYTONA</td><td>Pusha T</td><td>2018</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>22</td><td>Take Care (Deluxe)</td><td>Drake</td><td>2011</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>23</td><td>GREY Area</td><td>Little Simz</td><td>2019</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>24</td><td>Ready to Die (The Remaster)</td><td>The Notorious B.I.G.</td><td>1994</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>25</td><td>Life After Death (2014 Remastered Edition)</td><td>The Notorious B.I.G.</td><td>1997</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>26</td><td>Greatest Hits</td><td>2Pac</td><td>1998</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>27</td><td>Flower Boy</td><td>Tyler, The Creator, Rex Orange County</td><td>2017</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>28</td><td>CALL ME IF YOU GET LOST</td><td>Tyler, The Creator, DJ Drama</td><td>2021</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>29</td><td>CHROMAKOPIA</td><td>Tyler, The Creator, Daniel Caesar</td><td>2024</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>30</td><td>Rodeo</td><td>Travis Scott</td><td>2015</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>31</td><td>Birds In The Trap Sing McKnight</td><td>Travis Scott</td><td>2016</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>32</td><td>ASTROWORLD</td><td>Travis Scott</td><td>2018</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>33</td><td>UTOPIA</td><td>Travis Scott</td><td>2023</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>34</td><td>TA13OO</td><td>Denzel Curry</td><td>2018</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>35</td><td>ZUU</td><td>Denzel Curry</td><td>2019</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>36</td><td>Melt My Eyez See Your Future</td><td>Denzel Curry, Robert Glasper</td><td>2022</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>37</td><td>King Of The Mischievous South Vol. 2</td><td>Denzel Curry, Kingpin Skinny Pimp</td><td>2024</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>38</td><td>1999</td><td>Joey Bada$$</td><td>2012</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>39</td><td>ALL-AMERIKKKAN BADA$$</td><td>Joey Bada$$</td><td>2017</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>40</td><td>2000</td><td>Joey Bada$$, Diddy</td><td>2022</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>41</td><td>Samurai</td><td>Lupe Fiasco</td><td>2024</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>42</td><td>BRAT</td><td>Charli xcx</td><td>2024</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>43</td><td>channel ORANGE</td><td>Frank Ocean</td><td>2012</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>44</td><td>Blonde</td><td>Frank Ocean</td><td>2016</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>45</td><td>2014 Forest Hills Drive</td><td>J. Cole</td><td>2014</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>46</td><td>4 Your Eyez Only</td><td>J. Cole</td><td>2016</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>47</td><td>The Trinity Session</td><td>Cowboy Junkies</td><td>1988</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>48</td><td>Violator</td><td>Depeche Mode</td><td>1990</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>49</td><td>Songs In The Key Of Life</td><td>Stevie Wonder</td><td>1976</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>50</td><td>The Marshall Mathers LP</td><td>Eminem</td><td>2000</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>51</td><td>The Eminem Show</td><td>Eminem</td><td>2002</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>52</td><td>The Turning Wheel</td><td>SPELLLING</td><td>2021</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>53</td><td>SINNER GET READY</td><td>Lingua Ignota</td><td>2021</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>54</td><td>Man On The Moon: The End Of Day</td><td>Kid Cudi</td><td>2009</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>55</td><td>Led Zeppelin (Remaster)</td><td>Led Zeppelin</td><td>1969</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>56</td><td>Led Zeppelin II (Remaster)</td><td>Led Zeppelin</td><td>1969</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>57</td><td>Led Zeppelin III (Remaster)</td><td>Led Zeppelin</td><td>1970</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>58</td><td>Led Zeppelin IV (Remaster)</td><td>Led Zeppelin</td><td>1971</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>59</td><td>Physical Graffiti (Remaster)</td><td>Led Zeppelin</td><td>1975</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>60</td><td>Led Zeppelin x Led Zeppelin</td><td>Led Zeppelin</td><td>2018</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>61</td><td>So Much Fun</td><td>Young Thug</td><td>2019</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>62</td><td>JEFFERY</td><td>Young Thug</td><td>2016</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>63</td><td>The Forever Story (Extended Version)</td><td>JID</td><td>2022</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>64</td><td>2001</td><td>Dr. Dre, Xzibit, Tray Dee</td><td>1999</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>65</td><td>The Chronic</td><td>Dr. Dre, Snoop Dogg</td><td>1992</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>66</td><td>The Low End Theory</td><td>A Tribe Called Quest</td><td>1991</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>67</td><td>Midnight Marauders</td><td>A Tribe Called Quest</td><td>1993</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>68</td><td>The Anthology</td><td>A Tribe Called Quest</td><td>1999</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>69</td><td>People’s Instinctive Travels and the Paths of Rhythm (25th Anniversary Edition)</td><td>A Tribe Called Quest</td><td>1990</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>70</td><td>The Money Store</td><td>Death Grips</td><td>2012</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>71</td><td>No Love Deep Web</td><td>Death Grips</td><td>2012</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>72</td><td>Without Warning</td><td>21 Savage, Offset, Metro Boomin, Travis Scott</td><td>2017</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>73</td><td>Savage Mode</td><td>21 Savage, Metro Boomin</td><td>2016</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>74</td><td>SAVAGE MODE II</td><td>21 Savage, Metro Boomin</td><td>2020</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>75</td><td>i am > i was</td><td>21 Savage</td><td>2018</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>76</td><td>HEROES & VILLAINS</td><td>Metro Boomin, John Legend</td><td>2022</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>77</td><td>NOT ALL HEROES WEAR CAPES (Deluxe)</td><td>Metro Boomin, Gucci Mane</td><td>2018</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>78</td><td>Overly Dedicated</td><td>Kendrick Lamar, Jhené Aiko</td><td>2010</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>79</td><td>untitled unmastered.</td><td>Kendrick Lamar</td><td>2016</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>80</td><td>Black Panther The Album Music From And Inspired By</td><td>Kendrick Lamar</td><td>2018</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>81</td><td>Cigarettes After Sex</td><td>Cigarettes After Sex</td><td>2017</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>82</td><td>Cry</td><td>Cigarettes After Sex</td><td>2019</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>83</td><td>X’s</td><td>Cigarettes After Sex</td><td>2024</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>84</td><td>Tha Carter V</td><td>Lil Wayne</td><td>2018</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>85</td><td>Tha Carter IV (Explicit Version)</td><td>Lil Wayne</td><td>2011</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>86</td><td>Tha Carter III</td><td>Lil Wayne</td><td>2008</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>87</td><td>Tha Carter II</td><td>Lil Wayne</td><td>2005</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>88</td><td>Tha Carter</td><td>Lil Wayne</td><td>2004</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>89</td><td>Dedh Ishqiya</td><td>Rekha Bhardwaj</td><td>2014</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>90</td><td>OK Computer</td><td>Radiohead</td><td>1997</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>91</td><td>Kid A</td><td>Radiohead</td><td>2000</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>92</td><td>In Rainbows</td><td>Radiohead</td><td>2007</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>93</td><td>Food & Liquor II: The Great American Rap Album, Pt. 1</td><td>Lupe Fiasco</td><td>2012</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>94</td><td>Remain in Light</td><td>Talking Heads</td><td>1980</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>95</td><td>I Love You.</td><td>The Neighbourhood</td><td>2013</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>96</td><td>Hybrid Theory</td><td>Linkin Park</td><td>2000</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>97</td><td>If You’re Reading This It’s Too Late</td><td>Drake</td><td>2015</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>98</td><td>folklore</td><td>Taylor Swift</td><td>2020</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>99</td><td>Nothing Was The Same</td><td>Drake</td><td>2013</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>100</td><td>Nothing But The Best (2008 Remastered)</td><td>Frank Sinatra</td><td>2008</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>101</td><td>Ridin’ Dirty</td><td>UGK</td><td>1996</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>102</td><td>17</td><td>XXXTENTACION</td><td>2017</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>103</td><td>Los Angeles</td><td>X</td><td>1980</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>104</td><td>Straight Outta Compton</td><td>N.W.A.</td><td>1988</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>105</td><td>In The Court Of The Crimson King (Expanded & Remastered Original Album Mix)</td><td>King Crimson</td><td>1969</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>106</td><td>SHIKWA (Side B)</td><td>Talhah Yunus, Jokhay</td><td>2024</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>107</td><td>The Infamous</td><td>Mobb Deep</td><td>1995</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>108</td><td>Culture</td><td>Migos, DJ Khaled</td><td>2017</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>109</td><td>AM</td><td>Arctic Monkeys</td><td>2013</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>110</td><td>Favourite Worst Nightmare</td><td>Arctic Monkeys</td><td>2007</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>111</td><td>Easter</td><td>Patti Smith</td><td>1978</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>112</td><td>The Blueprint (Explicit Version)</td><td>JAŸ-Z</td><td>2001</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>113</td><td>Vespertine</td><td>Björk</td><td>2001</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>114</td><td>Dawn FM</td><td>The Weeknd</td><td>2022</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>115</td><td>After Hours</td><td>The Weeknd</td><td>2020</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>116</td><td>House Of Balloons (Original)</td><td>The Weeknd</td><td>2011</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>117</td><td>BLUE LIPS</td><td>ScHoolboy Q</td><td>2024</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>118</td><td>Oxymoron (Deluxe)</td><td>ScHoolboy Q</td><td>2014</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>119</td><td>WHEN WE ALL FALL ASLEEP, WHERE DO WE GO?</td><td>Billie Eilish</td><td>2019</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>120</td><td>Happier Than Ever</td><td>Billie Eilish</td><td>2021</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>121</td><td>HIT ME HARD AND SOFT</td><td>Billie Eilish</td><td>2024</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>122</td><td>Things Fall Apart</td><td>The Roots</td><td>1999</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>123</td><td>19</td><td>Adele</td><td>2008</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>124</td><td>21</td><td>Adele</td><td>2011</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>125</td><td>25</td><td>Adele</td><td>2015</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>126</td><td>30</td><td>Adele</td><td>2021</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>127</td><td>Exodus</td><td>Bob Marley & The Wailers</td><td>1977</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>128</td><td>Highway 61 Revisited</td><td>Bob Dylan</td><td>1965</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>129</td><td>Blonde On Blonde</td><td>Bob Dylan</td><td>1966</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>130</td><td>Parachutes</td><td>Coldplay</td><td>2000</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>131</td><td>Reasonable Doubt</td><td>JAŸ-Z, Mary J. Blige</td><td>1996</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>132</td><td>Bleach</td><td>Nirvana</td><td>1989</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>133</td><td>Nevermind (Remastered)</td><td>Nirvana</td><td>1991</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>134</td><td>In Utero</td><td>Nirvana</td><td>1993</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>135</td><td>The Big Picture</td><td>Big L</td><td>2000</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>136</td><td>Lifestylez Ov Da Poor & Dangerous</td><td>Big L</td><td>1995</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>137</td><td>Paid In Full</td><td>Eric B. & Rakim</td><td>1987</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>138</td><td>It Takes A Nation Of Millions To Hold Us Back</td><td>Public Enemy</td><td>1988</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>139</td><td>Raising Hell</td><td>Run–D.M.C.</td><td>1986</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>140</td><td>Blue</td><td>Joni Mitchell</td><td>1971</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>141</td><td>Tapestry</td><td>Carole King</td><td>1971</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>142</td><td>What’s Going On</td><td>Marvin Gaye</td><td>1971</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>143</td><td>Thriller</td><td>Michael Jackson</td><td>1982</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>144</td><td>Moving Pictures (2011 Remaster)</td><td>Rush</td><td>1981</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>145</td><td>Piñata</td><td>Freddie Gibbs, Madlib</td><td>2014</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>146</td><td>John Coltrane And Johnny Hartman</td><td>John Coltrane, Johnny Hartman</td><td>1963</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>147</td><td>Swimming</td><td>Mac Miller</td><td>2018</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>148</td><td>The Rise and Fall of Ziggy Stardust and the Spiders from Mars (2012 Remaster)</td><td>David Bowie</td><td>1972</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>149</td><td>The Velvet Underground & Nico 45th Anniversary</td><td>The Velvet Underground, Nico</td><td>1967</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>150</td><td>The Doors</td><td>The Doors</td><td>1967</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>151</td><td>In the Aeroplane Over the Sea</td><td>Neutral Milk Hotel</td><td>1998</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>152</td><td>Enter The Wu-Tang (36 Chambers) [Expanded Edition]</td><td>Wu-Tang Clan</td><td>1993</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>153</td><td>Pet Sounds</td><td>The Beach Boys</td><td>1966</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>154</td><td>Back To Black</td><td>Amy Winehouse</td><td>2006</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>155</td><td>You Don’t Mess Around With Jim</td><td>Jim Croce</td><td>1972</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>156</td><td>Various Positions</td><td>Leonard Cohen</td><td>1984</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>157</td><td>Back In Black</td><td>AC/DC</td><td>1980</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>158</td><td>Brand New Eyes</td><td>Paramore</td><td>2009</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>159</td><td>Appetite For Destruction</td><td>Guns N’ Roses</td><td>1987</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>160</td><td>Aquemini</td><td>Outkast</td><td>1998</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>161</td><td>Stankonia</td><td>Outkast</td><td>2000</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>162</td><td>Speakerboxxx/The Love Below</td><td>Outkast</td><td>2003</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>163</td><td>The Dark Side Of The Moon (2011 Remastered Version)</td><td>Pink Floyd</td><td>1973</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>164</td><td>Wish You Were Here (Remastered Version)</td><td>Pink Floyd</td><td>1975</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>165</td><td>Animals (2011 Remastered Version)</td><td>Pink Floyd</td><td>1977</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>166</td><td>The Wall (Remastered)</td><td>Pink Floyd</td><td>1979</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>167</td><td>Born To Die</td><td>Lana Del Rey</td><td>2011</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>168</td><td>ATLiens</td><td>Outkast</td><td>1996</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>169</td><td>Streams of Thought Vol. 1</td><td>Black Thought</td><td>2018</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>170</td><td>Streams of Thought Vol. 2</td><td>Black Thought, Salaam Remi</td><td>2018</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>171</td><td>Streams of Thought, Vol. 3: Cane & Able</td><td>Black Thought</td><td>2020</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>172</td><td>Cheat Codes</td><td>Danger Mouse, Black Thought</td><td>2022</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>173</td><td>Glorious Game</td><td>El Michels Affair, Black Thought</td><td>2023</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>174</td><td>Kind Of Blue</td><td>Miles Davis, John Coltrane, Cannonball Adderley, Bill Evans</td><td>1959</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>175</td><td>Die Lit</td><td>Playboi Carti</td><td>2018</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>176</td><td>Discovery</td><td>Daft Punk</td><td>2001</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>177</td><td>Bandana</td><td>Freddie Gibbs, Madlib</td><td>2019</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>178</td><td>Fetti</td><td>Curren$y, Freddie Gibbs, The Alchemist</td><td>2018</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>179</td><td>Alfredo</td><td>Freddie Gibbs, The Alchemist</td><td>2020</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>180</td><td>MM..FOOD</td><td>MF DOOM</td><td>2004</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>181</td><td>BORN LIKE THIS</td><td>MF DOOM</td><td>2009</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>182</td><td>GNX</td><td>Kendrick Lamar</td><td>2024</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>183</td><td>ROCKSTAR WITHOUT A GUITAR</td><td>Umair, Talha Anjum</td><td>2024</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>184</td><td>Alag Lane</td><td>superdupersultan, JANI</td><td>2021</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>185</td><td>Lostalgia</td><td>JANI, Umair</td><td>2023</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>186</td><td>Lift Your Skinny Fists Like Antennas to Heaven</td><td>Godspeed You! Black Emperor</td><td>2000</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>187</td><td>The Vault, Vol.1</td><td>Shally Rehal, KULTARGOTBOUNCE</td><td>2024</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>188</td><td>Nautanki</td><td>Hasan Raheem</td><td>2022</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>189</td><td>Bitches Brew</td><td>Miles Davis</td><td>1970</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>190</td><td>The Black Saint And The Sinner Lady</td><td>Charles Mingus</td><td>1963</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>191</td><td>Azal</td><td>Taimour Baig, Raffey Anwar</td><td>2022</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>192</td><td>To Be Kind</td><td>Swans</td><td>2014</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>193</td><td>My Terrible Mind</td><td>Talha Anjum, Umair</td><td>2024</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>194</td><td>I LAY DOWN MY LIFE FOR YOU</td><td>JPEGMAFIA</td><td>2024</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>195</td><td>Nina Simone Sings The Blues (Expanded Edition)</td><td>Nina Simone</td><td>1967</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>196</td><td>Marquee Moon</td><td>Television</td><td>1977</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>197</td><td>London Calling (Remastered)</td><td>The Clash</td><td>1979</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>198</td><td>Purple Rain</td><td>Prince</td><td>1984</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>199</td><td>Street Worms</td><td>Viagra Boys</td><td>2018</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>200</td><td>Freudian</td><td>Daniel Caesar, Kali Uchis</td><td>2017</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>201</td><td>GO:OD AM</td><td>Mac Miller</td><td>2015</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>202</td><td>Circles</td><td>Mac Miller</td><td>2020</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>203</td><td>Electric Ladyland</td><td>Jimi Hendrix</td><td>1968</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>204</td><td>Hounds Of Love</td><td>Kate Bush</td><td>1985</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>205</td><td>Hot Rats</td><td>Frank Zappa</td><td>1969</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>206</td><td>Abbey Road (Remastered)</td><td>The Beatles</td><td>1969</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>207</td><td>NEVER ENOUGH</td><td>Daniel Caesar</td><td>2023</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>208</td><td>BALLADS 1</td><td>Joji</td><td>2018</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>209</td><td>RAMONA PARK BROKE MY HEART</td><td>Vince Staples</td><td>2022</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>210</td><td>Doo-Wops & Hooligans</td><td>Bruno Mars</td><td>2010</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>211</td><td>Nectar</td><td>Joji</td><td>2020</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>212</td><td>SCARING THE HOES</td><td>JPEGMAFIA, Danny Brown</td><td>2023</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>213</td><td>Toxicity</td><td>System Of A Down</td><td>2001</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>214</td><td>Alligator Bites Never Heal</td><td>Doechii</td><td>2024</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>215</td><td>SMITHEREENS</td><td>Joji</td><td>2022</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>216</td><td>ye</td><td>Kanye West</td><td>2018</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>217</td><td>Yeezus</td><td>Kanye West</td><td>2013</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>218</td><td>Watch The Throne</td><td>JAŸ-Z, Kanye West, Frank Ocean, THE-DREAM</td><td>2011</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>219</td><td>Be</td><td>Common</td><td>2005</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>220</td><td>Manger on McNichols</td><td>Boldy James, Sterling Toles</td><td>2020</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>221</td><td>SCRAPYARD</td><td>Quadeca</td><td>2024</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>222</td><td>Hurry Up Tomorrow</td><td>The Weeknd, Justice</td><td>2025</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>223</td><td>You Won’t Go Before You’re Supposed To</td><td>Knocked Loose</td><td>2024</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>224</td><td>The Thief Next to Jesus</td><td>Ka</td><td>2024</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>225</td><td>The Rise and Fall of a Midwest Princess</td><td>Chappell Roan</td><td>2023</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>226</td><td>Valentine’s Day 2025 Songs</td><td>Aiesle</td><td>2025</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>227</td><td>Atrocity Exhibition</td><td>Danny Brown</td><td>2016</td><td>February 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>228</td><td>Young G.O.A.T</td><td>Cheema Y, Gur Sidhu</td><td>2025</td><td>February 25</td></tr>
<tr><td>229</td><td>No Name</td><td>Jack White</td><td>2024</td><td>February 25</td></tr>
<tr><td>230</td><td>Black On Both Sides</td><td>Mos Def</td><td>1999</td><td>March 1</td></tr>
<tr><td>231</td><td>MUSIC</td><td>Playboi Carti</td><td>2025</td><td>March 19</td></tr>
<tr><td>232</td><td>Some Rap Songs</td><td>Earl Sweatshirt</td><td>2018</td><td>March 25</td></tr>
<tr><td>233</td><td>Sometimes I Might Be Introvert</td><td>Little Simz</td><td>2021</td><td>April 1</td></tr>
<tr><td>234</td><td>Vince Staples</td><td>Vince Staples</td><td>2021</td><td>April 2</td></tr>
<tr><td>235</td><td>CASE STUDY 01</td><td>Daniel Caesar</td><td>2019</td><td>April 2</td></tr>
<tr><td>236</td><td>The Black Album</td><td>JAŸ-Z</td><td>2003</td><td>April 2</td></tr>
<tr><td>237</td><td>Watching Movies with the Sound Off</td><td>Mac Miller</td><td>2013</td><td>April 3</td></tr>
<tr><td>238</td><td>FM!</td><td>Vince Staples</td><td>2018</td><td>April 6</td></tr>
<tr><td>239</td><td>AT.LONG.LAST.A$AP</td><td>A$AP Rocky, Joe Fox</td><td>2015</td><td>April 22</td></tr>
<tr><td>240</td><td>LIVE.LOVE.A$AP</td><td>A$AP Rocky</td><td>2011</td><td>April 27</td></tr>
<tr><td>241</td><td>TESTING</td><td>A$AP Rocky</td><td>2018</td><td>June 13</td></tr>
<tr><td>242</td><td>Donuts</td><td>J Dilla</td><td>2006</td><td>June 13</td></tr>
<tr><td>243</td><td>CARE FOR ME</td><td>Saba, theMIND</td><td>2018</td><td>June 18</td></tr>
<tr><td>244</td><td>Undun</td><td>The Roots</td><td>2011</td><td>June 18</td></tr>
<tr><td>245</td><td>Lahai</td><td>Sampha</td><td>2023</td><td>June 20</td></tr>
<tr><td>246</td><td>Process</td><td>Sampha</td><td>2017</td><td>June 20</td></tr>
<tr><td>247</td><td>Only Built 4 Cuban Linx…</td><td>Raekwon</td><td>1995</td><td>June 20</td></tr>
<tr><td>248</td><td>UNLOCKED</td><td>Denzel Curry, Kenny Beats</td><td>2020</td><td>June 20</td></tr>
<tr><td>249</td><td>Imperial</td><td>Denzel Curry</td><td>2016</td><td>June 20</td></tr>
<tr><td>250</td><td>32 Zel</td><td>Denzel Curry</td><td>2015</td><td>June 20</td></tr>
<tr><td>251</td><td>Summer Knights</td><td>Joey Bada$$</td><td>2013</td><td>June 21</td></tr>
<tr><td>252</td><td>B4.DA.$$</td><td>Joey Bada$$</td><td>2015</td><td>June 21</td></tr>
<tr><td>253</td><td>The Price Of Tea In China</td><td>Boldy James, The Alchemist</td><td>2020</td><td>June 21</td></tr>
<tr><td>254</td><td>1 Foot in 1 Foot Out</td><td>YWM Flyaa</td><td>2020</td><td>June 21</td></tr>
<tr><td>255</td><td>Could’ve Been Worse</td><td>YWM Flyaa, Bigga Rankin</td><td>2023</td><td>June 22</td></tr>
<tr><td>256</td><td>Song of Sage: Post Panic!</td><td>Navy Blue</td><td>2020</td><td>June 22</td></tr>
<tr><td>257</td><td>We got it from Here… Thank You 4 Your service</td><td>A Tribe Called Quest</td><td>2016</td><td>June 23</td></tr>
<tr><td>258</td><td>Lotus</td><td>Little Simz</td><td>2025</td><td>June 23</td></tr>
<tr><td>259</td><td>The Division Bell</td><td>Pink Floyd</td><td>1994</td><td>June 25</td></tr>
<tr><td>260</td><td>Balloonerism</td><td>Mac Miller</td><td>2025</td><td>June 30</td></tr>
<tr><td>261</td><td>It’s Almost Dry</td><td>Pusha T</td><td>2022</td><td>July 7</td></tr>
<tr><td>262</td><td>Bo Jackson</td><td>Boldy James, The Alchemist</td><td>2021</td><td>July 12</td></tr>
<tr><td>263</td><td>DON’T TAP THE GLASS</td><td>Tyler, The Creator, Pharrell Williams</td><td>2025</td><td>July 21</td></tr>
<tr><td>264</td><td>Let God Sort Em Out</td><td>Clipse, John Legend, Voices of Fire, Pusha T, Malice</td><td>2025</td><td>July 22</td></tr>
<tr><td>265</td><td>Hell Hath No Fury</td><td>Clipse</td><td>2006</td><td>July 24</td></tr>
<tr><td>266</td><td>Honor Killed the Samurai</td><td>Ka</td><td>2016</td><td>July 26</td></tr>
<tr><td>267</td><td>From The Private Collection of Saba and No ID</td><td>Saba, No ID, BJ The Chicago Kid, Eryn Allen Kane</td><td>2025</td><td>July 27</td></tr>
<tr><td>268</td><td>Alfredo 2</td><td>Freddie Gibbs, The Alchemist</td><td>2025</td><td>August 2</td></tr>
<tr><td>269</td><td>Deltron 3030</td><td>Deltron 3030, Del The Funky Homosapien, Dan The Automator, Kid Koala</td><td>2000</td><td>August 2</td></tr>
<tr><td>270</td><td>Vanisher, Horizon Scraper</td><td>Quadeca</td><td>2025</td><td>August 3</td></tr>
<tr><td>271</td><td>CLPPNG</td><td>clipping.</td><td>2014</td><td>August 3</td></tr>
<tr><td>272</td><td>GOLLIWOG</td><td>billy woods, Steel Tipped Dove</td><td>2025</td><td>August 4</td></tr>
<tr><td>273</td><td>Quaranta</td><td>Danny Brown</td><td>2023</td><td>August 4</td></tr>
<tr><td>274</td><td>OFFLINE!</td><td>JPEGMAFIA</td><td>2021</td><td>August 4</td></tr>
<tr><td>275</td><td>Below The Heavens</td><td>Blu & Exile, Blu, Exile</td><td>2007</td><td>August 9</td></tr>
<tr><td>276</td><td>God Does Like Ugly</td><td>JID, Westside Gunn</td><td>2025</td><td>August 17</td></tr>
<tr><td>277</td><td>uknowhatimsayin¿</td><td>Danny Brown</td><td>2019</td><td>August 18</td></tr>
<tr><td>278</td><td>All My Heroes Are Cornballs</td><td>JPEGMAFIA</td><td>2019</td><td>August 18</td></tr>
<tr><td>279</td><td>P-POP CULTURE</td><td>Karan Aujla, Ikky</td><td>2025</td><td>August 30</td></tr>
<tr><td>280</td><td>AROUND THE CORNER</td><td>SAHIL CHEEMA, Prodbywizrd</td><td>2025</td><td>August 30</td></tr>
<tr><td>281</td><td>Lonely At The Top</td><td>Joey Bada$$</td><td>2025</td><td>August 31</td></tr>
<tr><td>282</td><td>Hiding Places</td><td>billy woods, Kenny Segal</td><td>2019</td><td>September 5</td></tr>
<tr><td>283</td><td>Maps</td><td>billy woods, Kenny Segal</td><td>2023</td><td>September 7</td></tr>
<tr><td>284</td><td>Burning Desire</td><td>MIKE</td><td>2023</td><td>September 7</td></tr>
<tr><td>285</td><td>XXX (Deluxe Version)</td><td>Danny Brown</td><td>2012</td><td>September 7</td></tr>
<tr><td>286</td><td>Veteran</td><td>JPEGMAFIA</td><td>2018</td><td>September 7</td></tr>
<tr><td>287</td><td>Event 2</td><td>Deltron 3030, Joseph Gordon-Levitt</td><td>2013</td><td>September 13</td></tr>
<tr><td>288</td><td>#RICHAXXHAITIAN</td><td>Mach-Hommy</td><td>2024</td><td>September 20</td></tr>
<tr><td>289</td><td>Big Fish Theory</td><td>Vince Staples</td><td>2017</td><td>September 21</td></tr>
<tr><td>290</td><td>The Off-Season</td><td>J. Cole</td><td>2021</td><td>October 21</td></tr>
<tr><td>291</td><td>Son Of Spergy</td><td>Daniel Caesar, Sampha</td><td>2025</td><td>November 16</td></tr>
<tr><td>292</td><td>Supreme Clientele</td><td>Ghostface Killah</td><td>2000</td><td>November 18</td></tr>
<tr><td>293</td><td>PB 2 SIX</td><td>Amantej Hundal, Gill Saab Music</td><td>2025</td><td>November 24</td></tr>
<tr><td>294</td><td>Stardust</td><td>Danny Brown, Quadeca</td><td>2025</td><td>November 29</td></tr>
<tr><td>295</td><td>Run The Jewels</td><td>Run The Jewels, El-P, Killer Mike</td><td>2013</td><td>November 29</td></tr>
<tr><td>296</td><td>Run The Jewels 2</td><td>Run The Jewels</td><td>2014</td><td>December 9</td></tr>
<tr><td>297</td><td>Vibe</td><td>Aiesle</td><td>2020</td><td>December 12</td></tr>
<tr><td>298</td><td>Run The Jewels 3</td><td>Run The Jewels, El-P, Killer Mike, Joi</td><td>2016</td><td>December 13</td></tr>
<tr><td>299</td><td>RTJ4</td><td>Run The Jewels, El-P, Killer Mike</td><td>2020</td><td>December 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>300</td><td>JOECHILLWORLD</td><td>Devon Hendryx</td><td>2010</td><td>December 15</td></tr>
<tr><td>301</td><td>The Never Story</td><td>JID</td><td>2017</td><td>December 18</td></tr>
<tr><td>302</td><td>DiCaprio 2</td><td>JID</td><td>2018</td><td>December 18</td></tr>
<tr><td>303</td><td>Visions of Bodies Being Burned</td><td>clipping.</td><td>2020</td><td>December 20</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<hr />
<h2 id="legend">legend</h2>
<ul>
<li>🔁 <strong>Re-listen</strong> — Albums I intentionally listened to again</li>
</ul>
<hr />
<h2 id="archive">archive</h2>
<table><thead><tr><th>Year</th><th style="text-align: right">Albums</th></tr></thead><tbody>
<tr><td><strong>2026</strong></td><td style="text-align: right">32</td></tr>
<tr><td><strong>2025</strong></td><td style="text-align: right">302</td></tr>
<tr><td><strong>Total</strong></td><td style="text-align: right"><strong>334</strong></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
reading log2026-09-10T00:00:00+00:002026-09-10T00:00:00+00:00
sharjeel
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<div class="readings-container">
<blockquote>
<p><em>“i have always imagined that paradise will be a kind of library”</em></p>
</blockquote>
<p>This list is intentionally simple.</p>
<p>No stars. No rankings.</p>
<hr />
<h2 id="2024">2024</h2>
<p><strong>6 books</strong></p>
<table><thead><tr><th>#</th><th>Title</th><th>Author</th><th>Original Title</th><th>Date</th></tr></thead><tbody>
<tr><td>01</td><td>دلی</td><td>Khushwant Singh</td><td>Delhi</td><td>June 13</td></tr>
<tr><td>02</td><td>جو ملے تھے راستے میں</td><td>Ahmad Bashir</td><td>—</td><td>June 18</td></tr>
<tr><td>03</td><td>سمرقند</td><td>Amin Maalouf</td><td>Samarkand</td><td>August 11</td></tr>
<tr><td>04</td><td>انوکل اور دیگر کہانیاں</td><td>Satyajit Ray</td><td>—</td><td>September 3</td></tr>
<tr><td>05</td><td>انجان نگر میں کھلی کھڑکی اور دیگر افسانے</td><td>Qaisar Nazir Khawar</td><td>—</td><td>September 14</td></tr>
<tr><td>06</td><td>جھوٹ کی سرزمین اور دوسرے افسانے</td><td>Qaisar Nazir Khawar</td><td>—</td><td>September 7</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<hr />
<h2 id="2023">2023</h2>
<p><strong>23 books</strong></p>
<table><thead><tr><th>#</th><th>Title</th><th>Author</th><th>Original Title</th></tr></thead><tbody>
<tr><td>01</td><td>یاد مفارفت</td><td>Abdulrazak Gurnah</td><td>Memory of Departure</td></tr>
<tr><td>02</td><td>تفریح کی ایک دوپہر 🔁</td><td>Khalid Jawed</td><td>—</td></tr>
<tr><td>03</td><td>موت کی کتاب</td><td>Khalid Jawed</td><td>—</td></tr>
<tr><td>04</td><td>نعمت خانہ</td><td>Khalid Jawed</td><td>—</td></tr>
<tr><td>05</td><td>کہانی، موت اور آخری بدیسی زبان</td><td>Khalid Jawed</td><td>—</td></tr>
<tr><td>06</td><td>ایک خنجر پانی میں</td><td>Khalid Jawed</td><td>—</td></tr>
<tr><td>07</td><td>ارسلان اور بہزاد</td><td>Khalid Jawed</td><td>—</td></tr>
<tr><td>08</td><td>تین کہانیاں</td><td>Khalid Jawed</td><td>—</td></tr>
<tr><td>09</td><td>سینٹ پیٹرز برگ</td><td>Ken Follett</td><td>The Man from St. Petersburg</td></tr>
<tr><td>10</td><td>مغموم صنوبر</td><td>Agatha Christie</td><td>Sad Cypress</td></tr>
<tr><td>11</td><td>زہراب نیل</td><td>Agatha Christie</td><td>Death on the Nile</td></tr>
<tr><td>12</td><td>خدا کے نام خط</td><td>Aquila Mansour Jadun</td><td>—</td></tr>
<tr><td>13</td><td>نیلی نوٹ بک</td><td>Emmanuel Kazakevich</td><td>Blue Notebook</td></tr>
<tr><td>14</td><td>اینیمل فارم</td><td>George Orwell</td><td>Animal Farm</td></tr>
<tr><td>15</td><td>ماتم ایک عورت کا</td><td>Omar Rivabella</td><td>Requiem for a Woman’s Soul</td></tr>
<tr><td>16</td><td>بلیسر بکری والا</td><td>Suryakant Tripathi “Nirala”</td><td>Billesur Bakariha</td></tr>
<tr><td>17</td><td>جدید ناول کا فن</td><td>Orhan Pamuk</td><td>The Naive and Sentimental Novelist</td></tr>
<tr><td>18</td><td>سورج کا ساتواں گھوڑا</td><td>Dharamvir Bharati</td><td>The Sun’s Seventh Horse</td></tr>
<tr><td>19</td><td>پاسپورٹ</td><td>Herta Müller</td><td>The Passport</td></tr>
<tr><td>20</td><td>طوفان بہار</td><td>Ivan Turgenev</td><td>Spring Torrents</td></tr>
<tr><td>21</td><td>ریت کا دروازہ</td><td>Tahar Ben Jelloun</td><td>The Sand Child</td></tr>
<tr><td>22</td><td>سورگ</td><td>Khushwant Singh</td><td>Paradise and Other Stories</td></tr>
<tr><td>23</td><td>ٹرین ٹو پاکستان</td><td>Khushwant Singh</td><td>Train to Pakistan</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<hr />
<h2 id="2022">2022</h2>
<p><strong>21 books</strong></p>
<table><thead><tr><th>#</th><th>Title</th><th>Author</th><th>Original Title</th></tr></thead><tbody>
<tr><td>01</td><td>تفریح کی ایک دوپہر</td><td>Khalid Jawed</td><td>—</td></tr>
<tr><td>02</td><td>گیٹسبی</td><td>F. Scott Fitzgerald</td><td>The Great Gatsby</td></tr>
<tr><td>03</td><td>مکھیوں کا دیوتا</td><td>William Golding</td><td>Lord of the Flies</td></tr>
<tr><td>04</td><td>آئن سٹائن</td><td>—</td><td>—</td></tr>
<tr><td>05</td><td>مضحکہ خیز محبتیں</td><td>Milan Kundera</td><td>Laughable Loves</td></tr>
<tr><td>06</td><td>گئے دنوں کے سورج</td><td>Javed Chaudhry</td><td>—</td></tr>
<tr><td>07</td><td>The Plain in Flames</td><td>Juan Rulfo</td><td>—</td></tr>
<tr><td>08</td><td>Pedro Páramo</td><td>Juan Rulfo</td><td>—</td></tr>
<tr><td>09</td><td>First Person Singular</td><td>Haruki Murakami</td><td>—</td></tr>
<tr><td>10</td><td>Men Without Women</td><td>Haruki Murakami</td><td>—</td></tr>
<tr><td>11</td><td>Blind Willow, Sleeping Woman</td><td>Haruki Murakami</td><td>—</td></tr>
<tr><td>12</td><td>After the Quake</td><td>Haruki Murakami</td><td>—</td></tr>
<tr><td>13</td><td>The Elephant Vanishes</td><td>Haruki Murakami</td><td>—</td></tr>
<tr><td>14</td><td>The General of the Dead Army</td><td>Ismail Kadare</td><td>—</td></tr>
<tr><td>15</td><td>For Bread Alone</td><td>Mohamed Choukri</td><td>—</td></tr>
<tr><td>16</td><td>سچ، محبت اور ذرا سا کینہ</td><td>Khushwant Singh</td><td>Truth, Love & a Little Malice</td></tr>
<tr><td>17</td><td>عالمی کہانیاں 1</td><td>Zafar Qureshi</td><td>—</td></tr>
<tr><td>18</td><td>عالمی کہانیاں 2</td><td>Zafar Qureshi</td><td>—</td></tr>
<tr><td>19</td><td>عالمی کہانیاں 3</td><td>Zafar Qureshi</td><td>—</td></tr>
<tr><td>20</td><td>عالمی کہانیاں 4</td><td>Zafar Qureshi</td><td>—</td></tr>
<tr><td>21</td><td>عالمی کہانیاں 5</td><td>Zafar Qureshi</td><td>—</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<hr />
<h2 id="2021">2021</h2>
<p><strong>42 books</strong></p>
<table><thead><tr><th>#</th><th>Title</th><th>Author</th><th>Original Title</th></tr></thead><tbody>
<tr><td>01</td><td>سرخ میرا نام</td><td>Orhan Pamuk</td><td>My Name is Red</td></tr>
<tr><td>02</td><td>ڈاکٹر ژاگو</td><td>Boris Pasternak</td><td>Doctor Zhivago</td></tr>
<tr><td>03</td><td>تائیس</td><td>Anatole France</td><td>Thaïs</td></tr>
<tr><td>04</td><td>درینہ کا پل</td><td>Ivo Andrić</td><td>The Bridge on the Drina</td></tr>
<tr><td>05</td><td>آب نیل پہ آوارگی</td><td>Naguib Mahfouz</td><td>Adrift on the Nile</td></tr>
<tr><td>06</td><td>بھوک</td><td>Knut Hamsun</td><td>Hunger</td></tr>
<tr><td>07</td><td>ہوئے تم دوست جس کے</td><td>Guy de Maupassant</td><td>Bel-Ami</td></tr>
<tr><td>08</td><td>بڈھا گوریو</td><td>Honoré de Balzac</td><td>Père Goriot</td></tr>
<tr><td>09</td><td>اے ملعون! دفع ہو جا</td><td>Saddam Hussein</td><td>Get Out, You Damned</td></tr>
<tr><td>10</td><td>اورینٹ ایکسپریس</td><td>Agatha Christie</td><td>Murder on the Orient Express</td></tr>
<tr><td>11</td><td>کرسمس</td><td>Agatha Christie</td><td>Christmas</td></tr>
<tr><td>12</td><td>اپنے دکھ مجھے دے دو</td><td>Rajinder Singh Bedi</td><td>—</td></tr>
<tr><td>13</td><td>دانہ و دام</td><td>Rajinder Singh Bedi</td><td>—</td></tr>
<tr><td>14</td><td>گرہن</td><td>Rajinder Singh Bedi</td><td>—</td></tr>
<tr><td>15</td><td>مکتی بودھ</td><td>Rajinder Singh Bedi</td><td>—</td></tr>
<tr><td>16</td><td>اور ڈان بہتا رہا</td><td>Mikhail Sholokhov</td><td>And Quiet Flows the Don</td></tr>
<tr><td>17</td><td>انیس سو چوراسی</td><td>George Orwell</td><td>1984</td></tr>
<tr><td>18</td><td>برگ حنا</td><td>Ahmad Nadeem Qasmi</td><td>—</td></tr>
<tr><td>19</td><td>پرچھائیں</td><td>—</td><td>—</td></tr>
<tr><td>20</td><td>زوربا یونانی</td><td>Nikos Kazantzakis</td><td>Zorba the Greek</td></tr>
<tr><td>21</td><td>پرواز</td><td>Shafiq-ur-Rahman</td><td>—</td></tr>
<tr><td>22</td><td>انارکلی</td><td>Imtiaz Ali Taj</td><td>—</td></tr>
<tr><td>23</td><td>روح کے آئینے</td><td>—</td><td>—</td></tr>
<tr><td>24</td><td>کئی چاند تھے سرِ آسماں</td><td>Shamsur Rahman Farooqi</td><td>—</td></tr>
<tr><td>25</td><td>قلب ماہیت</td><td>Franz Kafka</td><td>The Metamorphosis</td></tr>
<tr><td>26</td><td>اجنبی</td><td>Albert Camus</td><td>The Stranger</td></tr>
<tr><td>27</td><td>موسیٰ کا مقدمہ</td><td>Kamel Daoud</td><td>The Meursault Investigation</td></tr>
<tr><td>28</td><td>سرنگ</td><td>Ernesto Sabato</td><td>The Tunnel</td></tr>
<tr><td>29</td><td>تین سال</td><td>Anton Chekhov</td><td>Three Years</td></tr>
<tr><td>30</td><td>بجنگ آمد</td><td>Colonel Muhammad Khan</td><td>—</td></tr>
<tr><td>31</td><td>اردو کی آخری کتاب</td><td>Ibn-e-Insha</td><td>—</td></tr>
<tr><td>32</td><td>سیتا ہرن</td><td>Qurratulain Hyder</td><td>—</td></tr>
<tr><td>33</td><td>آواز دوست</td><td>Mukhtar Masood</td><td>—</td></tr>
<tr><td>34</td><td>لبیک</td><td>Mumtaz Mufti</td><td>—</td></tr>
<tr><td>35</td><td>شاہین</td><td>Naseem Hijazi</td><td>—</td></tr>
<tr><td>36</td><td>پریشان ہونا چھوڑیں، جینا شروع کریں</td><td>Dale Carnegie</td><td>How to Stop Worrying and Start Living</td></tr>
<tr><td>37</td><td>کاندید</td><td>Voltaire</td><td>Candide</td></tr>
<tr><td>38</td><td>روشنی کی یہ خیرہ کن نابودگی</td><td>Tahar Ben Jelloun</td><td>This Blinding Absence of Light</td></tr>
<tr><td>39</td><td>خاکم بدہن 🔁</td><td>Mushtaq Ahmad Yousufi</td><td>—</td></tr>
<tr><td>40</td><td>کل تک</td><td>Javed Chaudhry</td><td>—</td></tr>
<tr><td>41</td><td>قلب ظلمات</td><td>Joseph Conrad</td><td>Heart of Darkness</td></tr>
<tr><td>42</td><td>آب گم 🔁</td><td>Mushtaq Ahmad Yousufi</td><td>—</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<hr />
<h2 id="legend">legend</h2>
<ul>
<li>🔁 <strong>Re-read</strong> — Books I enjoyed enough to read again</li>
</ul>
<hr />
<h2 id="archive">archive</h2>
<table><thead><tr><th>Year</th><th style="text-align: right">Books</th></tr></thead><tbody>
<tr><td><strong>2021</strong></td><td style="text-align: right">42</td></tr>
<tr><td><strong>2022</strong></td><td style="text-align: right">21</td></tr>
<tr><td><strong>2023</strong></td><td style="text-align: right">23</td></tr>
<tr><td><strong>2024</strong></td><td style="text-align: right">6</td></tr>
<tr><td><strong>Total</strong></td><td style="text-align: right"><strong>92</strong></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
tech stack2026-09-10T00:00:00+00:002026-09-10T00:00:00+00:00
sharjeel
https://sharjeel7911.github.io/stack/<h3 align="center">Frontend</h3>
<p align="center">
<img src="https://skillicons.dev/icons?i=react" alt="React" />
<img src="https://skillicons.dev/icons?i=nextjs" alt="NextJS" />
<img src="https://skillicons.dev/icons?i=html" alt="HTML" />
<img src="https://skillicons.dev/icons?i=css" alt="CSS" />
<img src="https://skillicons.dev/icons?i=javascript" alt="JavaScript" />
<img src="https://skillicons.dev/icons?i=typescript" alt="TypeScript" />
<img src="https://skillicons.dev/icons?i=tailwind" alt="Tailwind" />
<img src="https://skillicons.dev/icons?i=astro" alt="Astro" />
<img src="https://skillicons.dev/icons?i=vite" alt="Vite" />
</p>
<h3 align="center">Backend</h3>
<p align="center">
<img src="https://skillicons.dev/icons?i=nodejs" alt="NodeJS" />
<img src="https://skillicons.dev/icons?i=python" alt="Python" />
<img src="https://skillicons.dev/icons?i=flask" alt="Flask" />
<img src="https://skillicons.dev/icons?i=fastapi" alt="FastAPI" />
<img src="https://skillicons.dev/icons?i=cs" alt="C#" />
<img src="https://skillicons.dev/icons?i=c" alt="C" />
<img src="https://skillicons.dev/icons?i=cpp" alt="C++" />
<img src="https://skillicons.dev/icons?i=anaconda" alt="Anaconda" />
</p>
<h3 align="center">Databases</h3>
<p align="center">
<img src="https://skillicons.dev/icons?i=mongodb" alt="MongoDB" />
<img src="https://skillicons.dev/icons?i=postgres" alt="PostgreSQL" />
<img src="https://skillicons.dev/icons?i=mysql" alt="MySQL" />
<img src="https://skillicons.dev/icons?i=sqlite" alt="SQLite" />
<img src="https://skillicons.dev/icons?i=supabase" alt="Supabase" />
<img src="https://skillicons.dev/icons?i=firebase" alt="Firebase" />
</p>
<!--<h3 align="center">AI/ML & Data Science</h3>
<p align="center">
<img src="https://skillicons.dev/icons?i=pytorch" alt="PyTorch" />
<img src="https://skillicons.dev/icons?i=tensorflow" alt="TensorFlow" />
<img src="https://skillicons.dev/icons?i=opencv" alt="OpenCV" />
</p>-->
<!--<h3 align="center">Cloud & Hosting</h3>
<p align="center">
<img src="https://skillicons.dev/icons?i=aws" alt="AWS" />
<img src="https://skillicons.dev/icons?i=azure" alt="Azure" />
<img src="https://skillicons.dev/icons?i=cloudflare" alt="Cloudflare" />
<img src="https://skillicons.dev/icons?i=heroku" alt="Heroku" />
</p>-->
<h3 align="center">DevOps & Tools</h3>
<p align="center">
<img src="https://skillicons.dev/icons?i=docker" alt="Docker" />
<img src="https://skillicons.dev/icons?i=git" alt="Git" />
<img src="https://skillicons.dev/icons?i=github" alt="GitHub" />
<img src="https://skillicons.dev/icons?i=githubactions" alt="GitHub Actions" />
<img src="https://skillicons.dev/icons?i=postman" alt="Postman" />
<img src="https://skillicons.dev/icons?i=cmake" alt="CMake" />
<img src="https://skillicons.dev/icons?i=bun" alt="Bun" />
<img src="https://skillicons.dev/icons?i=pnpm" alt="pnpm" />
<img src="https://skillicons.dev/icons?i=selenium" alt="Selenium" />
<img src="https://skillicons.dev/icons?i=bash" alt="Bash" />
</p>
<h3 align="center">Operating Systems & Editors</h3>
<p align="center">
<img src="https://skillicons.dev/icons?i=linux" alt="Linux" />
<img src="https://skillicons.dev/icons?i=redhat" alt="RedHat" />
<img src="https://skillicons.dev/icons?i=vscode" alt="VS Code" />
<img src="https://skillicons.dev/icons?i=neovim" alt="Neovim" />
</p>
Shar Text Editor2026-07-21T00:00:00+00:002026-07-21T00:00:00+00:00
sharjeel
https://sharjeel7911.github.io/projects/shar-text-editor/Profit or Poverty: TLB2026-04-28T00:00:00+00:002026-04-28T00:00:00+00:00
sharjeel
https://sharjeel7911.github.io/blogs/translation-lookaside-buffer/<h2 id="the-illusion-of-memory"><a class="zola-anchor" href="#the-illusion-of-memory" aria-label="Anchor link for: the-illusion-of-memory"><i class="icon"></i></a>
The Illusion of Memory</h2>
<p>Applications do not allocate memory directly to physical addresses on the RAM.
They are presented with virtual memory by the operating system, so that it can
pretend that the application has a contiguous block of memory when in reality
its memory is scattered across the physical RAM in fixed-size chunks of memory
called pages, kept track of in a page table.</p>
<p>When a process starts, the operating system allocates a range of virtual
addresses to it in the form of pages, but leaves the entries in the page table
blank until they’re accessed (i.e. they are lazy-loaded)</p>
<p>If the process tries to access memory, the operating system follows the virtual
memory address to the physical memory address and hands back the data. The
actual translation from virtual address to physical address is not performed by
the OS but by a dedicated hardware component on the CPU called a memory
management unit (MMU).</p>
<p>Sometimes, if RAM is running low or hasn’t been accessed in a while, data is
taken out of RAM and swapped to disk. If the process then tries to access that
memory again, a <strong>major</strong> page fault occurs, the operating system has to retrieve the
data from disk, load it into RAM, and then update the page table before the
process can proceed.</p>
<p>A minor page fault is when the data is still in RAM, but the page table for the
process has not been mapped to the physical page yet. By default the operating
system is lazy about mapping page table entries, but there are strategies for
ensuring that all pages are mapped.</p>
<h2 id="the-bottleneck"><a class="zola-anchor" href="#the-bottleneck" aria-label="Anchor link for: the-bottleneck"><i class="icon"></i></a>
The Bottleneck</h2>
<p>Every time you’re reading variables, or loading instructions, or saving data,
the system is translating virtual memory addresses to physical addresses.</p>
<h3 id="a-hardware-page-table-walk"><a class="zola-anchor" href="#a-hardware-page-table-walk" aria-label="Anchor link for: a-hardware-page-table-walk"><i class="icon"></i></a>
A hardware page table walk</h3>
<p>This translation can be quite involved if we dig really deep into the detail.
The MMU looks at a register to find the physical address of the root page
table. Then it takes some bits from the virtual address, goes to RAM, and reads
the page table entry at that index. Then it takes the result from that lookup,
goes back to RAM again, and finds the entry point to another intermediate
table, and another intermediate table… until it gets the physical page frame
number. It then combines the address with some of the bits from the original
virtual address to find the exact byte in memory.</p>
<h3 id="introducing-the-tlb"><a class="zola-anchor" href="#introducing-the-tlb" aria-label="Anchor link for: introducing-the-tlb"><i class="icon"></i></a>
Introducing the TLB</h3>
<p>The translation look-aside buffer (TLB) is a specialized cache within the MMU
which remembers recent mappings to avoid the CPU having to check the full page
table (in RAM) on every single memory access (billions of times per second)</p>
<p>The consequence of a TLB miss is that the operation takes 100-200x longer. In
reality this equates to about 100 nanoseconds, which is miniscule, but the
volume of these operations causes that time to add up rapidly. Not to mention
that 1 nanosecond would be much preferred.</p>
<h2 id="how-to-make-money"><a class="zola-anchor" href="#how-to-make-money" aria-label="Anchor link for: how-to-make-money"><i class="icon"></i></a>
How to make 💵 MONEY 💵</h2>
<p>Since the consequence of TLB cache misses are so dire, it makes sense to avoid
them. Working around the cache is out of the question, so the way forward is to
enhance the effectiveness of the cache by making it have to cache less things,
thereby improving its hit rate.</p>
<p>The TLB has a limit on the number of page table entries it can hold. A page is
typically 4KB but this may differ based on your hardware. So if your system has
32GB of memory, you need 8 million entries to map all the available memory on
the system, which is not possible.</p>
<h3 id="hugepages"><a class="zola-anchor" href="#hugepages" aria-label="Anchor link for: hugepages"><i class="icon"></i></a>
Hugepages</h3>
<p>This is where “Hugepages” come in.</p>
<p>Hugepages is a feature in the linux kernel that allows a program to use much
larger page sizes, usually either 2MB or 1GB. By using this option, you can
effectively map all of the memory that you need such that it can fit in the
limited number of entries in the TLB easily.</p>
<p>For example, with the 32GB example from before, using 1GB hugepages, you would
only need 32 entries, rather than 8,000,000.</p>
<h4 id="enabling-hugepages-for-your-application"><a class="zola-anchor" href="#enabling-hugepages-for-your-application" aria-label="Anchor link for: enabling-hugepages-for-your-application"><i class="icon"></i></a>
Enabling hugepages for your application</h4>
<p>You could set a sysctl (<code>vm.nr_hugepages</code>), or you could control it from your program, for example…</p>
<p>In C++, when calling <code>mmap</code>, you can pass the <code>MAP_HUGETLB</code> bitflag or <code>MAP_HUGE_1GB</code> for example.</p>
<p>In Rust, there are some crates like <code>memmap2</code> or <code>hugepage-rs</code>.</p>
<h3 id="memory-pinning"><a class="zola-anchor" href="#memory-pinning" aria-label="Anchor link for: memory-pinning"><i class="icon"></i></a>
Memory Pinning</h3>
<p>I mentioned earlier that when a process starts, the OS allocates virtual
memory, but it lazily maps the page table entries. So you may have hugepages
enabled, but you can still encounter a page fault if you access memory that
hasn’t been mapped yet.</p>
<p>There is a linux system call, <code>mlockall</code> which can be used to eagerly map all
the virtual memory for your process. It’s advised to call this before entering
the critical part of the program, such as any part of the program which needs
to be real-time (requires deterministic timing).</p>
<p>This system call not only “pre-faults” the pages so that they’re ready, it also
pins them so that the operating system cannot swap them back to disk.</p>
<h4 id="how-to-pin-memory-from-within-your-program"><a class="zola-anchor" href="#how-to-pin-memory-from-within-your-program" aria-label="Anchor link for: how-to-pin-memory-from-within-your-program"><i class="icon"></i></a>
How to pin memory, from within your program</h4>
<p>In C++ you would include the <code>sys/mman.h</code> header, allowing you to call mlockall directly.</p>
<pre class="giallo" style="color: #A9B1D6; background-color: #1A1B26;"><code data-lang="c"><span class="giallo-l"><span style="color: #89DDFF;">#</span><span style="color: #BB9AF7;">include</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;"> <</span><span style="color: #9ECE6A;">sys/mman.h</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">></span></span>
<span class="giallo-l"><span style="color: #89DDFF;">#</span><span style="color: #BB9AF7;">include</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;"> <</span><span style="color: #9ECE6A;">iostream</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">></span></span>
<span class="giallo-l"><span style="color: #89DDFF;">#</span><span style="color: #BB9AF7;">include</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;"> <</span><span style="color: #9ECE6A;">cstring</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">></span></span>
<span class="giallo-l"></span>
<span class="giallo-l"><span style="color: #BB9AF7;">int</span><span style="color: #7AA2F7;"> main</span><span style="color: #9ABDF5;">() {</span></span>
<span class="giallo-l"><span style="color: #BB9AF7;"> if</span><span style="color: #9ABDF5;"> (</span><span style="color: #7AA2F7;">mlockall</span><span style="color: #9ABDF5;">(</span><span style="color: #7AA2F7;">MCL_CURRENT </span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">|</span><span style="color: #7AA2F7;"> MCL_FUTURE</span><span style="color: #9ABDF5;">)</span><span style="color: #BB9AF7;"> !=</span><span style="color: #FF9E64;"> 0</span><span style="color: #9ABDF5;">) {</span></span>
<span class="giallo-l"><span style="color: #9ABDF5;"> std::cerr </span><span style="color: #89DDFF;"><< "</span><span style="color: #9ECE6A;">Failed to lock memory: </span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">" <<</span><span style="color: #7AA2F7;"> std::strerror</span><span style="color: #9ABDF5;">(</span><span style="color: #7AA2F7;">errno</span><span style="color: #9ABDF5;">)</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;"> <<</span><span style="color: #9ABDF5;"> std::endl</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">;</span></span>
<span class="giallo-l"><span style="color: #BB9AF7;"> return</span><span style="color: #FF9E64;"> 1</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">;</span></span>
<span class="giallo-l"><span style="color: #9ABDF5;"> }</span></span>
<span class="giallo-l"><span style="color: #7AA2F7;"> munlockall</span><span style="color: #9ABDF5;">()</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">;</span><span style="color: #9ABDF5;"> </span></span>
<span class="giallo-l"><span style="color: #BB9AF7;"> return</span><span style="color: #FF9E64;"> 0</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">;</span></span>
<span class="giallo-l"><span style="color: #9ABDF5;">}</span></span>
<span class="giallo-l"></span></code></pre>
<p>In Rust, you would use the <code>libc</code> crate and call it similarly.</p>
<pre class="giallo" style="color: #A9B1D6; background-color: #1A1B26;"><code data-lang="rust"><span class="giallo-l"><span style="color: #89DDFF;">use</span><span style="color: #0DB9D7;"> libc</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">::{</span><span>mlockall</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">,</span><span style="color: #C0CAF5;"> MCL_CURRENT</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">,</span><span style="color: #C0CAF5;"> MCL_FUTURE</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">};</span></span>
<span class="giallo-l"></span>
<span class="giallo-l"><span style="color: #89DDFF;">fn</span><span style="color: #7AA2F7;"> main</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">() {</span></span>
<span class="giallo-l"><span style="color: #BB9AF7;"> let</span><span style="color: #C0CAF5;"> locked</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;"> = unsafe {</span></span>
<span class="giallo-l"><span style="color: #7AA2F7;"> mlockall</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">(</span><span style="color: #FF9E64;">MCL_CURRENT</span><span style="color: #BB9AF7;"> |</span><span style="color: #FF9E64;"> MCL_FUTURE</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">)</span></span>
<span class="giallo-l"><span style="color: #89DDFF;"> };</span></span>
<span class="giallo-l"></span>
<span class="giallo-l"><span style="color: #BB9AF7;"> if</span><span style="color: #C0CAF5;"> locked</span><span style="color: #BB9AF7;"> !=</span><span style="color: #FF9E64;"> 0</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;"> {</span></span>
<span class="giallo-l"><span style="color: #BB9AF7;"> let</span><span style="color: #C0CAF5;"> err</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;"> =</span><span style="color: #0DB9D7;"> std</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">::</span><span style="color: #0DB9D7;">io</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">::</span><span style="color: #C0CAF5;">Error</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">::</span><span style="color: #7AA2F7;">last_os_error</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">();</span></span>
<span class="giallo-l"><span style="color: #7AA2F7;"> panic!</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">("</span><span style="color: #9ECE6A;">Failed to lock memory: </span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">{}",</span><span style="color: #C0CAF5;"> err</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">);</span></span>
<span class="giallo-l"><span style="color: #89DDFF;"> }</span></span>
<span class="giallo-l"><span style="color: #89DDFF;">}</span></span></code></pre><h2 id="conclusion"><a class="zola-anchor" href="#conclusion" aria-label="Anchor link for: conclusion"><i class="icon"></i></a>
Conclusion</h2>
<p>Ultimately, the illusion of memory that modern systems provide is a
double-edged sword. While virtual memory addressing solves major problems
around process isolation for most systems, the introduction of page tables and
the need to perform multi-level page table walks introduces latency that is
unnoticable to humans but harmful to low-latency and real-time applications.</p>
<p>With this small bit of operating systems and linux knowledge you can use
hugepages and memory pinning to reduce memory latency by up to 100 to 200 times
in certain scenarios.</p>
Profit or Poverty: Realtime kernel patch2026-04-20T00:00:00+00:002026-04-20T00:00:00+00:00
sharjeel
https://sharjeel7911.github.io/blogs/linux-is-not-a-realtime-system/<p><strong>Linux is not a realtime operating system.</strong></p>
<p>This statement confused me at first, but as I looked further, it began to make
sense.</p>
<p>Linux provides an environment where multitasking is possible, facilitated by a
scheduler which has goals such as minimizing wait times and latency, maximizing
throughput, and maximizing fairness.</p>
<p>These goals can sometimes pull in different directions. If you maximize
throughput for one task, you increase latency for others. If you minimize
latency by switching tasks more often, overheads start to pile up. If every
process gets an equal slice of time for fairness, heavy tasks are starved while
light tasks sit idle.</p>
<p>Taking the general approach is the best decision for most usecases like servers
and desktop computing, but it means that Linux is a “soft realtime” system.</p>
<h2 id="defining-realtime"><a class="zola-anchor" href="#defining-realtime" aria-label="Anchor link for: defining-realtime"><i class="icon"></i></a>
Defining “realtime”</h2>
<p>What is evoked when you hear someone talk about something happening in
<strong>realtime?</strong> We often think that it is happening immediately, like we’re
describing something in the present.</p>
<p>In computing, realtime refers to something more specific. From Wikipedia:</p>
<blockquote>
<p>A system is said to be realtime if the total correctness of an operation
depends not only upon its logical correctness, but also upon the time in
which it is performed.</p>
</blockquote>
<p>That is to say that it does not mean “fast” necessarily, it’s more to do with
deterministic behavior in relation to time.</p>
<p>Linux is a <strong>soft</strong> realtime system, meaning that if an operation misses its
deadline, it isn’t a hard failure. Your process might wait a few hundred
microseconds before the scheduler gives it a time-slice, and for the vast
majority of cases, this is acceptable and nobody notices. If a deadline is
missed frequently, the user experiences a degradation of service. For example,
a web page might load slower, but still eventually load.</p>
<p>A <strong>hard</strong> realtime system would be something like an assembly line, where if a
part isn’t processed before its deadline, that part is no longer reachable by
the robot, and the next robot won’t be able to process it correctly.</p>
<h2 id="the-scheduler"><a class="zola-anchor" href="#the-scheduler" aria-label="Anchor link for: the-scheduler"><i class="icon"></i></a>
The Scheduler</h2>
<p>I mentioned earlier that Linux provides multitasking. It really provides the
illusion of multitasking, at least on a single core. The task scheduler is what
creates this illusion, by allocating slices of time to each task, interleaving
their execution with one another to create the illusion of simultaneous
progression. This is referred to as concurrency, as opposed to parallelism.</p>
<small>
Concurrency comes from the Latin "con" (together) and "currere" (to run,
literally, to move faster than walking).
</small>
<p>Concurrency is great, especially when tasks have to wait for something to
become available - the scheduler can pause that task until it’s ready to be
executed, and give time-slices to other tasks in the meanwhile.</p>
<p>The task itself can communicate to the scheduler that it should be paused to
allow other tasks to progress. Often, a task will do this implicitly by
executing a particular system call, such as <code>read()</code> or <code>sleep()</code>.</p>
<p>However, the <em>scheduler</em> can also pause a task <em>without any cooperation from the
task.</em></p>
<img class="no-hover"alt="Scheduler standing behind the
application, about to ruin its day"src="/img/preemption_meme_1.png"/><h2 id="preemption"><a class="zola-anchor" href="#preemption" aria-label="Anchor link for: preemption"><i class="icon"></i></a>
Preemption</h2>
<p>This particular style of multitasking on Linux is called preemptive
multitasking. Tasks can be “preempted”.</p>
<p>Sounds interesting, but what does it mean? <em>What</em> is being preempted?</p>
<p>The current task’s execution time is being preempted - cut short - so that a
more important task can be run.</p>
<p>During preemption, the process state is saved, and another’s is loaded. This
mechanism is what we know to be a context switch.</p>
<p>An example where this is good: you run an application, and that application
chews up all your compute, and you want to cancel it. If it couldn’t be
preempted, you wouldn’t be able to move your cursor to close or cancel it.</p>
<p>Where preemption becomes undesirable is when you’re in a low-latency
environment such as high-frequency trading, and your trading application gets
preempted and has to wait <strong>hundreds of microseconds</strong> to execute.</p>
<h2 id="switch-it-off"><a class="zola-anchor" href="#switch-it-off" aria-label="Anchor link for: switch-it-off"><i class="icon"></i></a>
Switch it off!!</h2>
<p>You can use a tool like <code>chrt</code> to change how your running process is treated.
For example, maybe you set its priority very high, in FIFO mode where it runs
until it voluntarily yields, like so:</p>
<pre class="giallo" style="color: #A9B1D6; background-color: #1A1B26;"><code data-lang="plain"><span class="giallo-l"><span>chrt --pid --fifo 99 <PID></span></span></code></pre>
<p><small>You can also check the current scheduling attributes with <code>chrt -p <PID></code></small></p>
<p>This will reduce the worst-case kernel latency but <strong>doesn’t get rid of all
sources of jitter.</strong></p>
<p>There are still things that can preempt the task. Here’s a few:</p>
<h3 id="hard-interrupts-irqs"><a class="zola-anchor" href="#hard-interrupts-irqs" aria-label="Anchor link for: hard-interrupts-irqs"><i class="icon"></i></a>
Hard interrupts (IRQs)</h3>
<p>These are signals from hardware - network cards, disk controllers, or system
timers. If your application runs on the same core that is handling interrupts,
the CPU will pause your app to run the handler.</p>
<p>You can examine the interrupts on an existing machine by inspecting
<code>/proc/interrupts</code>. This will show you devices and their IRQ number.</p>
<p>By default, all cores can service interrupts.</p>
<blockquote class="tip">
<p class="alert-title">
<i class="icon"></i>Tip</p>
<p>Non-essential hardware interrupts can be moved to another core or cores with
interrupt affinity (<code>/proc/irq/<IRQ_NUMBER>/smp_affinity</code>). See <a rel="external" href="https://docs.redhat.com/en/documentation/red_hat_enterprise_linux/6/html/performance_tuning_guide/s-cpu-irq">Interrupts and IRQ
Tuning</a>
in the Red Hat tuning guide</p>
</blockquote>
<h3 id="non-maskable-interrupts-nmi"><a class="zola-anchor" href="#non-maskable-interrupts-nmi" aria-label="Anchor link for: non-maskable-interrupts-nmi"><i class="icon"></i></a>
Non-maskable interrupts (NMI)</h3>
<p>An NMI is another hardware interrupt which the CPU cannot ignore or disable.
These come from critical events like fatal hardware problems, memory errors,
power failures, and watchdog timer timeouts.</p>
<p>The watchdog is a daemon that keeps track of /dev/watchdog, which contains a
heartbeat from a hardware timer on the motherboard. This is to detect CPU lockups.</p>
<p>This can be and usually is disabled in HFT environments as far as I’m aware.
This supposedly the most frequent cause of this type of interrupt. The other
NMIs cannot be disabled and usually result in a kernel panic or system restart.</p>
<blockquote class="tip">
<p class="alert-title">
<i class="icon"></i>Tip</p>
<p>You can disable the watchdog while the system is running by setting the sysctl
<code>kernel.nmi_watchdog</code> to <code>0</code>, or you can edit your bootloader such as GRUB with
<code>nmi_watchdog=0</code> at the end of the line that starts with
<code>GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT</code></p>
<p>Occasionally it can show up in BIOS as “IPMI Watchdog Timer” which can be disabled.</p>
</blockquote>
<h3 id="system-management-interrupts-smi"><a class="zola-anchor" href="#system-management-interrupts-smi" aria-label="Anchor link for: system-management-interrupts-smi"><i class="icon"></i></a>
System Management Interrupts (SMI)</h3>
<p>This is also technically a non-maskable hardware interrupt, but it originates
from the BIOS or EFI and pauses the entire OS. They’re particularly insidious
because they cannot be detected via any standard linux observability.</p>
<p>These interrupts occur when the motherboard needs to perform some kind of
thermal throttling or power management, and can take in excess of 100
microseconds to complete.</p>
<blockquote class="tip">
<p class="alert-title">
<i class="icon"></i>Tip</p>
<p>There is nothing you can configure in the OS to prevent this, but there may be
BIOS options like disabling “Global SMI” or “C-States”, and these options may
only be present in server hardware that has been specifically optimized for HFT
by the vendor.</p>
</blockquote>
<h3 id="software-faults"><a class="zola-anchor" href="#software-faults" aria-label="Anchor link for: software-faults"><i class="icon"></i></a>
Software faults</h3>
<p>If the trading app tries to access memory and encounters a page fault or a TLB
miss, the kernel needs to take over and fetch the page.</p>
<blockquote class="tip">
<p class="alert-title">
<i class="icon"></i>Tip</p>
<p>Use huge-pages and pre-fault all pages. I’ll cover this more in a future
article about the TLB specifically.</p>
</blockquote>
<h2 id="validation"><a class="zola-anchor" href="#validation" aria-label="Anchor link for: validation"><i class="icon"></i></a>
Validation</h2>
<p>There are some tools out there which can be used to run tasks and measure interference, such as:</p>
<ul>
<li><code>cyclictest</code> can be used to measure kernel scheduling latency</li>
<li><code>hwlatdetect</code> can be used to measure latency caused by NMIs</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="conclusion"><a class="zola-anchor" href="#conclusion" aria-label="Anchor link for: conclusion"><i class="icon"></i></a>
Conclusion</h2>
<p>The systems we use daily work seamlessly for us, but under the surface they’re
executing sophisticated multitasking routines to give every process a fair
chance at execution, with low-level hardware events stepping in and taking
priority to avoid abrupt system failures.</p>
<p>In a trading environment, without knowledge of these interactions, your
application would be subject to all kinds of jitter, causing you to miss a
“fill” or to get sniped on a fast-moving order book…</p>
<p>… and that can be the difference between profit and poverty.</p>
Profit or Poverty: NUMA2026-04-17T00:00:00+00:002026-04-17T00:00:00+00:00
sharjeel
https://sharjeel7911.github.io/blogs/why-numa-is-important-in-trading/<p>While modern software tries to hide hardware complexity behind abstractions,
staff working in HFT must dig down to ensure that every nanosecond is spent
executing trading logic, not chewed up by operating system overheads or noisy
neighbouring processes.</p>
<p>Learning the ins and outs of NUMA is not a micro-optimization, it is a requirement.</p>
<h3 id="short-history-of-numa"><a class="zola-anchor" href="#short-history-of-numa" aria-label="Anchor link for: short-history-of-numa"><i class="icon"></i></a>
Short history of NUMA</h3>
<p>Back in the day, CPUs were slower than memory. In the 1960s, processors began
to overtake memory in speed and as a result found themselves stuck waiting for
data to arrive from a memory access.</p>
<p>This was solved by either avoiding memory access, or by adding cache memory
some of which you may have heard of like L1 and L2 cache.</p>
<p>However, as operating systems and applications have grown, these caches are no
longer as effective. Additionally, on modern servers with multiple CPU sockets, only
one processor can access the memory at one time, causing the other to wait.</p>
<p>Non-uniform memory access (NUMA) was created to solve this problem by providing
separate memory to each socket.</p>
<h3 id="why-numa-must-be-considered-in-a-high-frequency-trading-hft-environment"><a class="zola-anchor" href="#why-numa-must-be-considered-in-a-high-frequency-trading-hft-environment" aria-label="Anchor link for: why-numa-must-be-considered-in-a-high-frequency-trading-hft-environment"><i class="icon"></i></a>
Why NUMA must be considered in a high-frequency trading (HFT) environment</h3>
<p>In HFT, nanoseconds matter. If your application has to wait an extra amount of
nanoseconds every time it needs to access some memory, it quickly adds up into
microseconds and perhaps even milliseconds.</p>
<p>On hardware with NUMA, data could reside in non-local memory aka the memory of
the other socket on the server board. For the local core to access this memory
it has to traverse an interconnect which can take 100-200 nanoseconds.</p>
<h3 id="how-to-protect-your-application-from-the-downsides-of-numa"><a class="zola-anchor" href="#how-to-protect-your-application-from-the-downsides-of-numa" aria-label="Anchor link for: how-to-protect-your-application-from-the-downsides-of-numa"><i class="icon"></i></a>
How to protect your application from the downsides of NUMA</h3>
<p>Firstly, on Linux, NUMA is modelled as nodes. For example, Node 0 is Socket 0
plus its attached memory, for however many sockets your system has.</p>
<p>You can configure different policies per-thread or per-allocation.</p>
<ul>
<li><code>local</code> (default) - allocate on the node where the thread is running.</li>
<li><code>bind</code> - allocate <em>only</em> on specified nodes.</li>
<li><code>preferred</code> - try a particular node first but fallback to others.</li>
<li><code>interleave</code> - round-robin across nodes.</li>
</ul>
<p>In HFT you probably want to use <code>bind</code>.</p>
<h4 id="discover-your-topology"><a class="zola-anchor" href="#discover-your-topology" aria-label="Anchor link for: discover-your-topology"><i class="icon"></i></a>
Discover your topology</h4>
<p>Even on your laptop or desktop linux computer, you should be able to install
<code>numactl</code>, <code>lscpu</code>, or <code>lstopo</code> and look at the nodes.</p>
<p>This is my desktop for example, which has one socket with eight cores, and 32
GB of memory:</p>
<img class="no-hover"alt="CPU topography"src="/img/lstopo.png"/>
<p>On a server system with multiple cores you should see additional separate NUMA nodes.</p>
<h4 id="disable-automatic-numa-balancing"><a class="zola-anchor" href="#disable-automatic-numa-balancing" aria-label="Anchor link for: disable-automatic-numa-balancing"><i class="icon"></i></a>
Disable automatic NUMA balancing</h4>
<p>Automatic balancing is done by <code>autonuma</code> which scans processes’ memory and
migrates pages to try to optimise locality, which is fine for most cases but
can cause latency spikes that are unacceptable in a trading environment.</p>
<p>There are two things that must be done to disable balancing.</p>
<p>Adjust the following sysctl:</p>
<pre class="giallo" style="color: #A9B1D6; background-color: #1A1B26;"><code data-lang="shellscript"><span class="giallo-l"><span style="color: #0DB9D7;">echo</span><span style="color: #FF9E64;"> 0</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;"> ></span><span style="color: #9ECE6A;"> /proc/sys/kernel/numa_balancing</span></span></code></pre>
<p>and then add <code>numa=off</code> to the boot-loader configuration, or similar, depending
on your boot-loader.</p>
<h4 id="pin-your-application"><a class="zola-anchor" href="#pin-your-application" aria-label="Anchor link for: pin-your-application"><i class="icon"></i></a>
Pin your application</h4>
<p>Use <code>numactl --cpunodebind=<node> --membind=<node> <the_program></code></p>
<p>It should be noted that the scheduler can still move threads between cores on
that node, so in addition to this you’ll want to pin your application to the
same cores using <code>taskset</code> or similar, like <code>taskset -acp <cores> <pid></code></p>
<h4 id="validate-the-setup"><a class="zola-anchor" href="#validate-the-setup" aria-label="Anchor link for: validate-the-setup"><i class="icon"></i></a>
Validate the setup</h4>
<p>Check that your process is actually bound correctly with <code>numastat -p <pid></code>.
This will print out a table detailing its memory usage for each node, where the
node should only be the one you’ve bound the process to.</p>
<h3 id="what-if-my-systems-engineers-misconfigure-numa"><a class="zola-anchor" href="#what-if-my-systems-engineers-misconfigure-numa" aria-label="Anchor link for: what-if-my-systems-engineers-misconfigure-numa"><i class="icon"></i></a>
What if my systems engineers misconfigure NUMA?</h3>
<p>If you’re a developer in a trading firm and you’ve deployed your application,
you can still check NUMA at runtime and ensure your allocations land on the
correct node. The library <code>libnuma</code> has an API that allows you to check if NUMA
is available, how many nodes there are, which node a given core belongs to, and
the ability to allocate on a particular node.</p>
<p>In reality, any competent linux/production/systems/sre team in a HFT should
already be working with their developers to ensure everything it set up
correctly.</p>
<h3 id="conclusion"><a class="zola-anchor" href="#conclusion" aria-label="Anchor link for: conclusion"><i class="icon"></i></a>
Conclusion</h3>
<p>In the overwhelming majority of environments NUMA goes by unnoticed, with the
defaults being suitable for most workloads. However in trading, if you ignore
NUMA, the results can be catastrophic. Microseconds of latency across millions
of memory accesses can be the difference between profit and poverty.</p>
A Philosophy of Software Design2026-03-25T00:00:00+00:002026-03-25T00:00:00+00:00
sharjeel
https://sharjeel7911.github.io/blogs/a-philosophy-of-software-design/<p>Today I finished reading the book, “A Philosophy of Software Design”, by John
Outsterhout, a professor at Stanford University.</p>
<p>I wanted to write a little about what I learnt from the book, plus how I see it
mapping to my experience in my work where I’ve dealt with software and choices
around design.</p>
<h3 id="complexity-is-incremental"><a class="zola-anchor" href="#complexity-is-incremental" aria-label="Anchor link for: complexity-is-incremental"><i class="icon"></i></a>
Complexity is incremental</h3>
<p>This is probably obvious to anyone who has worked on software in any serious
capacity, but (unless you’re vibe-coding) complexity doesn’t just show up in a
single pull-request.</p>
<p>It’s the “Boiling Frog” problem, except you’re not the frog, you’re the chef…<br />
If we increase the temperature by just one degree, surely it’s not that bad,
right?<br />
This is how we justify adding complexity to ourselves when we say “it works for
now, I’ll clean it up later” on a pull-request.</p>
<p>The incremental quality of complexity is what makes it so insidious, because
it’s so easy to trade a small bit of complexity to get something delivered. You
can even continue to make that trade-off, again and again, for years. Who cares
if an abstraction leaks a little bit, as long as I can fix up this edge case
right now?</p>
<p>It’s hard to pinpoint the exact moment when things become sluggish, hard to
change, prone to errors, and difficult for new engineers to understand. That’s
because there’s no exact moment.<br />
Just like how a frog doesn’t suddenly start boiling when the water goes from
99°C to 100°C.</p>
<h4 id="it-s-shared-discipline-not-a-technical-challenge"><a class="zola-anchor" href="#it-s-shared-discipline-not-a-technical-challenge" aria-label="Anchor link for: it-s-shared-discipline-not-a-technical-challenge"><i class="icon"></i></a>
It’s shared discipline, not a technical challenge</h4>
<p>I might be totally wrong on this, but I get a general sense that when people
think about complexity, the focus is on technical decisions that get made over
time. It almost implies that you can solve complexity all by yourself if you
just work hard enough.</p>
<p>We work with other people. I believe it’s more pragmatic to shift this
perception so that the focus is on person-to-person interactions - which I
assert is where the problem arises.</p>
<p>When a reviewer fails to stand their ground, complexity is welcomed in. This
can be tricky, because often you’re standing against a peer who you trust, who
means well, but who might be too busy to spend the extra time to come up with a
design that doesn’t attach one more tiny anchor to the codebase.</p>
<p>I comfort myself by thinking that nobody intentionally adds complexity. They
can’t see a better way, or maybe they didn’t ask themselves if there could be a
better design. Thinking takes energy and I don’t blame anyone for taking the
path of least resistance to get their work done. Perhaps what we need is better
ways to measure complexity, so that we can reward its reduction.</p>
<p>For people working solo, you are both the author and reviewer. If you aren’t
trying to see your own work from a different perspective, then your “reviewer”
persona is effectively rubber-stamping the work, shrugging, and walking away.</p>
<h3 id="abstractions-are-about-hiding-unnecessary-details"><a class="zola-anchor" href="#abstractions-are-about-hiding-unnecessary-details" aria-label="Anchor link for: abstractions-are-about-hiding-unnecessary-details"><i class="icon"></i></a>
Abstractions are about hiding unnecessary details</h3>
<p>This one probably sounds like common sense. Duh! That’s what an abstraction is.</p>
<p>However, for me, I think it’s valuable to consider that you and I sometimes
make abstractions that accidentally hide <em>necessary</em> details.</p>
<p>This is one of those things where, if you zoom out a little bit, makes software
engineering seem like such a challenging field. The subjectivity of this -
where to draw the boundaries of an abstraction - highlights a constant
cognitive requirement towards making a balanced decision.</p>
<p>You can’t open a book and have it tell you how to make the right abstraction.
You just have to fail, walk into a mess, learn from the mess, and make the next
project better, only to fall into another mess. A mess that grows as it feeds
on entropy and junior developers.</p>
<h3 id="deep-modules-are-simpler-than-shallow-modules"><a class="zola-anchor" href="#deep-modules-are-simpler-than-shallow-modules" aria-label="Anchor link for: deep-modules-are-simpler-than-shallow-modules"><i class="icon"></i></a>
Deep modules are simpler than shallow modules</h3>
<p>First, what does this even mean? What is a deep module?<br />
A module is deep when its implementation is large compared to its interface.</p>
<p>That means that you could have a module that is long (in terms of lines of
code), but if every function in that module is exported, the interface is
large.</p>
<p>Instead, a deep module would be something with perhaps a few key functions or
classes exported, which encapsulate the implementation behind a concise
interface.</p>
<p>This was something that surprised me at first but makes total sense.
If make a library, I don’t want the caller to have to know about 20 different
functions or methods that they need to call, especially if most of the time all
of the arguments passed in are very similar.</p>
<h3 id="general-purpose-code-is-simpler-than-special-cased-code"><a class="zola-anchor" href="#general-purpose-code-is-simpler-than-special-cased-code" aria-label="Anchor link for: general-purpose-code-is-simpler-than-special-cased-code"><i class="icon"></i></a>
General-purpose code is simpler than special-cased code</h3>
<p>What exactly is the difference between the two?<br />
General purpose code solve a class of problems. Special case code solves one problem.</p>
<p>Example:</p>
<ul>
<li>Special case: A function that adds the <code>Authorization</code> request header with a particular value</li>
<li>General purpose: A function that adds a request header, with a given key and value.</li>
</ul>
<p>Special cases pop up in codebases after their initial design has been
implemented, a bunch of users have been onboarded, it’s operating fine, but one
particular (and important) user needs it to do something that wasn’t in the
original design. This is expected in software, and rigidity isn’t a good
response.</p>
<p>If you immediately know how to change the system so that their particular need
is solved as a general case it’s a clear win, but this doesn’t seem to be how
things go in most cases. Instead, it takes painful thinking to determine what
needs to be rearranged, migrated, and mutated, in order for the special case to
be handled in such a way that it doesn’t require someone to carve out time from
their day to maintain it.</p>
<h2 id="philosophy-not-science"><a class="zola-anchor" href="#philosophy-not-science" aria-label="Anchor link for: philosophy-not-science"><i class="icon"></i></a>
Philosophy, not Science</h2>
<p>There is a particular theme that seems to be common across the above concepts.</p>
<ul>
<li>What makes a good abstraction?</li>
<li>How deep should a module be?</li>
<li>How general should my code be?</li>
</ul>
<p>There’s no formula. A book can’t teach it to you. A committee can’t develop a standard for it.</p>
<p>The fundamental question being wrestled with is “Where do I draw the boundary?”
and the answer is different from wherever you are standing.</p>
<p>It’s the human factors that help answer this question. How much cognitive load
can the user or reader bear? How often will I have to change the codebase? A
compiler or linter can’t answer these questions. It requires a person to draw a
subjective line in the sand and then defend it.</p>
<h3 id="the-element-of-taste"><a class="zola-anchor" href="#the-element-of-taste" aria-label="Anchor link for: the-element-of-taste"><i class="icon"></i></a>
The element of “Taste”</h3>
<p>I hear about how the future of software will be influenced by having good
“taste” now that LLMs are writing all the code (I don’t actually believe this).<br />
If that’s true then I sincerely hope that all the people that intend to map
their taste into software learn good software design first.</p>
<p>Ironically, the way to learn good software design is through experience. You
have to ship something and collect the feedback. Sometimes that feedback is
customers telling you what causes friction. Other times it shows up in the
volume of questions directed at a particular feature… at 3AM after your site
blows up.</p>
<p>While reading the book you get a sense that it’s never going to answer this
question, “What’s a good abstraction?” because it can’t. The professor
encourages people to find the right balance for themselves, and it introduces
distinctions that might enable them to do so.</p>
<p>You might be creating a good design if the abstraction aligns with a
business domain, or when you provide a neat general-purpose interface across an
entire system. You might be creating a bad design when you add logic that
purely addresses an immediate need and nothing else.</p>
<h2 id="my-closing-thought"><a class="zola-anchor" href="#my-closing-thought" aria-label="Anchor link for: my-closing-thought"><i class="icon"></i></a>
My closing thought</h2>
<p>Writing this page made me realise that these problems that I found
unapproachable - how to decide where to draw the line - are simply the way
things are. It’s the essence of design.</p>
<p>Just like other art forms, you can practice, fail, learn, and improve, but
there will always be some people that either love or hate the art that you
created.</p>
<p>Often that person is your own self. The inner-critic looks at the past and is
ashamed of mistakes. I choose to forgive myself for the imperfections and focus
on the parts that I’m proud of.</p>